Multiple-effect absorption refrigerating system.



A Gr.y 'T. VQ0R HEABS. V MULTIPLE EFFECT 'ABSORPTION RPRIGERATINGSYSTEM.

APPLIOATIN FILED PEB.3,1906..

vPate'nte Aug.' 31, 190.9.

, Re fig/g era fo r' l "To .all :whom et may a citizen ofthe UnitedStates of Ameica'r the heat at the lower plane -o temperature r -ing upheat at the-lower; pla-ne requires en -f' i of the temperature in therefrigerator requires less` absorber pressure than l"does highj temperafI' paeity 'even ata higher-temperaturaio abf Ito ammonia :absorber bei-n55 e lgas and become resaturatedjin eaehabsorbergg'-l- '.-ieation',

1 0l methods of-'refrigeration .and 'in absorption* refrigeratingapparatus to cari-5y o temperature. Such refrigeration'- item1., Whilethe second of Athese' .2 5 more expensive in Afirst costbut is mettesse--isets of ,refrigerators and, absorbersv of temperature Withoutrequiring a'complete q ressure requires a less "strengthof absorbentlthan does a higher absorber pressure.

eannrmnror'rs voulait-rms, or "iiosToN, uassacanss'rrs.

Y Be it known lthat L'GARDNERT. YOOBBEES, l

Siding at Bosma, in hemmt-y 'ofr'sufelki and 4 State of Massachusetts,haveinvented certain new andpnsefall-Irnprpvementsin5 od 'Multiple-Eifeet "Absorption Refrigera- Systems, ofjjvghi-ehgthe vtollen/ing 'is aspee1- My invention, relates toilniproveinents iin.

out ni'y improved method."

4:It is often desired Ato' d o rerigeraitingby' taking uheat at two 'ormorefdiferentjj done in the 'past either taking -or by employing, asmany diferent :refrigerf' f ating inaehinesas there-are planes of Ltem-.pei-attire. The :first 'of these methodsof tak-` oessively largeapparatus and is 'uneconoml-- methods 1s lnomical in operation,

an absorption apparatus having't-wo 'or more' arranged l to maintaindilerelnit pressures in the rei frigerators and Aabsorbers so that therefrigeratlon maybe done 'at'twoor more planes( absorption machine for.-eaeh' plane of; temperature. The diiierentjpressuresin the refrigeratorsand absorbers are' controlled the .temperature and lper cent.` ofstrengthv absorbent in the absorbers.V For 1a given absorberytemperature a low absorber -llurein .therrefrerator and when thesorbentin an"w 'sorher 4is saturated withv gas-at a low pressure itwill-. stilllia've a' casorb more :gas at ahigher' pressure; general, inan absorption ammonia sys-4 .tem vembodying lily-invention, aquaammonia'- from a single 'stilliby beingex'posed' sem'atz'm gas in.aseres o fabsorhers, each at a higher pressurethan the V'absorber iforeit 1n'-'the circuit, can' seriatm absorb' 'Ymere and more 'ammonia iMalicious tiled rename; .1 9o e. serial No. 299,320.

' er, ane rnswivel-3,4

"responding re vare eu'stoniar My new refrigerating system consists oflto a'method wel murrine-Erkner Anselm-:1:01a nzrnroairiioissrni. I

specimanafmersment- Patented Aug.`3'1, Aieee.

fed Withlwea'k liquor separately While n!- 'ertheless-eleetingabsorption simultaneously Apparatus yfor carrying out'my said methinlay. comprise' a: 'plu1'ality of refrigerators (using 'tljiatterm inits technical sense .en dnot-in itsspeeifie household sense) main``rtainedat different-temperatures, and there- `foreadaptedto'eleet'ievaporation of the re# Arigeifati ng:medium at diderentpressu'res; 'a'. pluralityof absorbers, constituting inefx,singlemulti-stage absorber, the sev-l eral of such Vabsorbt'er being adapted -tobejmaintained at d ilierentpressures and'eaohjsueh-staebeing eonneeted to a corigerator, the pressure inl theabsorber 'stage or seetionto whih each particular refrigeratori'sconnected, determining the. pressure at which .evaporation is effected lstill; anda condenser 'inthat refrigeratoma vby means of which thererigerating medium evaporatedjin said sti-1l may be condensed to tions,valves, andgaixil-iary devices such as in *absorpt'ion refrigeratingapparatus." fr, instead ofhaving'a sepafrate still, the-absorber itself'inay,-.aeeording ing'operated alternately'as an absorber and theseveral' absorbers'may 'be Y 1 a liquid; together ivithsuitable pipecolinec- 80 as a-still, andbeing' termed hereinafter for that reason janabsorber still, and thisy method of o eration-is referred `tohereinafter as the interinittent method??l Preferably, durinlg;vabsorption, the liquor which has 'absorbed gas in the lowest presof'the.absorber,"1is passed to that.

'liigher fessure is maintained, and soon; though 1f-preferred theseveral stagesof the .absorber may be conneoted in parallel to theaccording' to the'fintermittentj method reu 11,' B1, 132,131, B1 arerefrigeratorshaving .I

ammonia' system vapors of Water and animee specti-vely; C1, C2, C72-C1,are absorbers, or

combined absorbers and stills, constituting,

when employed a s absorbers, a' single multi-- stage absorber, havingcoils e1f1,';e2 kf2 e1 fand el* f4 respectively; D

pumps F1, F 2,.F3, F1 are'eirpansion valxes; G1,G2, G3, G4 are Weakliquor regulating valves; H1, H2, H2, H1 are liquor coolers f adaptedlfor circulationl through them of cooling Water, and lso constructed thathot liquor may pass through a pipe coil immersed in cooling Water, tocool the liquor.

J -is a rectifier arranged for cooling Water circulation, soconstructedfthat in anw-aqua nia, passing through a ipe coil immersed inWater, Will be rectie that ammonia vapor Willpass on-to thecondenserWhile the condensed Wate1-vapor-With some vre/absorbed ammonia,:loWsback to the still." K isv an exchanger 4to transfer vheat from'hotliquor to cold liquor, so constructed that hot' liquoriiowing through apipe coil immersed in cold liquor Will be cooled, and the cold liquorwill be heated. y y

' H1, H2, H3, H1, J and'K mayor may not be' used as is desired. lTheconduits 17.-A+25, and 25-24-27-#29e-31 are used -to conduct gas fromC1, C2, G2, C1 etc., to the condenser A when thesystemis operated asl an`int`er` vabsorber stills;

4 mittent system, and when' still D is not in useand C1, G2, G1 and C1fare operated as with vai-ves r2, r3, r4, 21,' Galeries' y1,

y2, ya, v.l1/1, 32, 33, 34 shut, andvalves F1, X1,

G1, 22 and Z open then condenser A, refrigerator B1, absorber C1, stillD and pumpV E1 Will operate as an ordinary continuous proc'- essabsorption machine; or if still D is cut out of the system-by closingvalves G1, andZ,

and pump E1 is not operated, then A, B1 and C1' Will operate as anordinary intermittent absorptionmachine, in which, by first openingValves F1 and X1 and shutting valve 4 l1/1and circulating cooling Waterthrough coil ing Valve X1`, X2, 21, 32, Zand G1 are open, the apparatusas shown 'in full lines Will operate, as my new apparatus, intwojstages, inits preferred method, the operation being asfolloWs,..-Liquid lammonia {iows from condenser A through pipes,1,"2 and9, and

through expansion valves F1- and F2, to refrigerators B1 and B2.l l Theliquid ammoynia is evaporated in refrigerator B1, by

i's" a` still: -havV ing a steam coil g h; E1, E2,"E3, E1 are liquor ofWater VNapoli,I s'o vIn a'tW`o stage 1 passed through the coils e1 heatfromcoil c1' d1, at say 5 lbs. per square in chgage.pressure;.while thellquid ammoniadsevaporated in refrigerator B2 by heatfrom.coilscv2 d2 atsay-10 lbs. pressure. `The ammonia jgas` from refri erator B1 y passesthrough pipeSf-l into'asorber C1,

where it meets weak aqua ammonia, and is absorbed thereby at. say 4 lbs.gage pressure; the heat liberatedduring absorption bein v taken out bywater circulated throughscoie1 f1. The ammonia' gas from refrigerator B2passes through pipe 10a-'11 to absorber C2, Where it meets mediumstrength aqua ammonia and is'absorbed thereby at say"9. lbs. pressure,the heat liberated being taken out by-Water circulated through coil e2f2.

The medium' Strength aqua ammonia from l absorber C1 is pumped throughpipe .5l-'6 by pump E1, and through pipe 7-8 to absorber C2 :and is thenpumped from absorber (l2-,by pump E2, as strong liquor,

through pipes 12-13 and 14e-l5 to'still D. "In stilli `steam circulatedthrough coil g-t; and the ammonia gas y therefrom distilled flows 'theaqua ammonia -is heatedl by through pipe 16-17 rto condenser A whereinit is condensed by the cooling action of water circulated throughcooling coil a I); the Weak aqua ammonia iowinfr from the still Dthroughpi e18-19 and5 through a -weak .liquor regu ating Valve G1 to abtion.;which cycle is continuously repeated, durin descri ed. f

In the above described preferred method -of .'operation the aqua ammoniafrom absorber C1 is pumped by pumps E1 and E2. to the still D by'wayofthe absorber C2; but if desired the aqua ammonia from absorber C1 theoperationof the apparatus VVas v sorber C1, so completing the cycle ofoperamay befpum ed direct still D and Weak liquor may e supplied toabsorber C2di y rectv from still 1D, and the liquor from absorber C2 maybe pumped direct to still D. To do this valve 21 is closed and valvesv22 and G2 are opened, and the aqua ammonia direct from the stillflowsthrough the. absorbers in parallel, 1

except that C1- and G2, then used as abn'termittent system the4operations of all parts of the system are 'much-the same as in thecontinuoussystem function of the absorbers and the still of thecontinuous system; coolingwater being first sorption 'isscompleta an hasbeen carried as far as desirable, so that C1 and`C2 alternately act astwo absorbers and then as 't'wo'stills yIt will be clear from theabove,lto those skilled in the art, how a third stage, with say- 20 lbs.pressure in refrigerator-B1 Vand lsaylS) lbs. pressure in absorber C1,may be ,e2 f2, until ab-y`- thenv steam is i passed through these coilsuntil distillation only .sufficient ammonia isfed `frigeratorsfrom- -thecondenser the desired pressure" in each refrigerator. The regulation lofVthese expansion valves lorf'valves- 'govern thei ressures vin the ab-`@ser added to the two stage systemrjiust abone4 described, and how afourth stageyrvi-thsay lbs. pressure? how other numbero'f' sets-ofrefrigerators stage .syste1n .V The different pressuresin'r-.the

refrigerators'are 'obtained' b so regulatingh, Fi etc., that lthe.expansion valves F1, F2,

into.` thefref and the regulation of the quantity of. liquor and thev-regulation of the Weak liquor' Valve s'orbers. As44 appears inparalleloneon more of'valves G2,1G8and Gf `Willbe openlaccording .to the.number pf absorbers-1n use) 'and may requireregu. ation- W` `i'utilisathe 'abtvefatsoribee'-metiwegif refrigerati and ref-rigeratin to4bejn'ewandnovel and'I wis to 'claim "it lin tliebroadestpossible)manner` It will be obvious that bymy improved method andsorbedfin it. A

apparatus, much' `l ess apparatus is required than when refrigeration'at a Anumber'of dlierent 'temperature planes `is conducted according tothe prior methods referred' to Aearly' in this specication, and thatthere is a great saving in cooling water and steam used, as well-.asgreat saving in Iigrst cost of apparatus. diums l` Since Aotherrefrigerating .me-

limit myselffto the use of ammonia.

Pumps Ido notf'fwish-fl Vthese pumps p it may loften be 'gt case thatthey ump liquor containing-a considerable quantlty off- 'unabsorbedAa'in'noonia when I. referto them as liquor pumps I- gas and in theyclaims meanpumps that pump the liquor vfrom the absorbers .that may'contain the'f--gasffromall Vor only Vpartly abj-v the 'refrigerators assorber, a liquor-'conduittherefrom tota high' pressure absorber, aliquor pump in said conduit, ahigh pressure absorber, a liquidcon'- duitfrom the condenser to a high pressure re- .in' refrigerator B? v:V and"say 29 pressure-1in' :absorber: 164,; tney begadded-to the-three stagesystem, y and j to maintain' om the above `cles'cription, when theabsorbers are operated in. series,l only Valve Giof the weak liquorvalves'Will'.be open and will" require regula-'l tion-t; but whengtheabsorbers' are operated:

apparatus beside ammonia are Well known to be" adapted forfuse'rinabsorption systems, I do not Although I call E1, E2, E'3,'E4, etcliquorit to be understood that thing but liquor forvv -17ality .Q. absorptionvessels "ferentfples'vsurs are maintained-'and means for. conductingtheabsorblng liquorfrom quideonduit ltherefro'ntr''to" a'.. low pressurerefrigerator; V a V1 ow.'.'p'ress'uref refrigerator, 'afg'a-s 7 conduittherefrom'. to 'ai' low pressure absorbena low pressure: abs' ai'liigh'.pressure refri'ige'ra -l-nfbsorber,

Ta' 4 'gas -oonduitgtherefrol-n. to thehlgh pressure La liquor 4 conduit1 therefrom" tof a liquorpump'insaid, lcon'l'luit,' a still,

-a gas- "fconduit therefrom to the, 'condenser `flow pressure absorber.

frigerator, pressurev absorber,

conduitfromthe'-condenser to a high pres"-v sure refrigerator, a lne itor, a gas conduit ther/ 'the still'. to fthe condenser sure'absorbers.' f

*-.=3.f"In-.a refrigeratingapparatus the eomA ,binationoff'a pluralityof refrigerati-ing lines,

portions,in which di rent pressures are Virigfera tiirg lines coneotedtosaid absorber pressure in said. line.

bination with' an absorber' having dilferent suresare maintained, ofmeans for main'- frigeratin'g lines connected to said 'absorber atpoints Where thegpressures are di-i'erent.. 5. Inrefrigeratingapparatus, the combination 'with an 4absorber'"having'different connected y'portions 'in which different prestemperaturecomprising' aT4 plurality offre absorber beingfromtliat "portion of theabsorber in which 'the-lower' pressure f is malnin Whiclithe highestpressure 4is maintained.

1 6.111* refrigerating apparatus, the combination with' an absorber com'm Which z difone tothe other, of a ing" linesr in. which di 'tion"Vessel f the 'pressure Aofl whichl ap linethe' combination; fl'distilmg apparatus,

pressure refrigera-l from to a high pres maintained; k'saidrefrigerating lines .-each' fthe 'pressure of Which,` approximates .the

`conne-:ted 'portions in 'whichdiilerent preserent pressuresar'e to .bemaintained, each connected to the absorp 125 'f 4prole-' s mates the lpressure to be' maintained 1mi-'such' 7;'Infanabsorptioni efrigeratingsystem, 'i 130 e -7'0- "and -a -liquor conduit'ffrom the stljlljto,the4

sure absorber', aliquot; condl-littherefrom to the still, 'La'liquor-pumpvin said'conduit,.a high pressuregabsorbe a gas Vconduitfrorn and aliquidcon-v duit f fr'onrthe still to the high andlow.pres-'Q .90 'ga-nd] an absorber having different-connected ,l1-.f In Ja:refrigerating* apparatus the lc omtaining a` plurality of diilerent-planes of 'temperature comprising a plurality of 'resure'sare'lmail'itained, 'ofimeans for main- I taining a-pluralityfof.diiierent planes of I 11o frigerating-lines connectedtosaid absorber z -at pointswhe're the-'pressures are different-,"1 thedirectienfof .flowofth'e l1quor"`1n' sald.V

1`15 tained 4toward'. the portion. of the absorber means for condensingthe refrigerating y agent distilled therein, a supply line for supplyingrefrigerating medium fronrthe .con-

densing means, a plurality of refrigerating lilies connected thereto,absorption apparatus in different portions of which dilerent pressuresare maintained, and means Jfor conv ratus vback tol the stlll, saidlrefrigeratlng ducting weak liquorl from the still to said absorptionapparatus and-for conducting strong liquor from said absorptionappalineseach connected .to the portion of said absorption apparatus thepressure .of which approximates th-epre'ssu-re to be maintained 1nrefrigerating line. A

8. Inan absorption refrigerating system,

the combination of 'distillingapparatus, means for coiulensiligv therefrigerating agent distilled therein, a supply line lfor. j supplyingrefrigerating tiuid from the conf -densing means, an absorber, a.plurality ofrefrigerating-lines connect-ed thereto -at points Where thepressures are different .and

connected tothe supply line, whereby a 'plurality of different planesof. temperature may be maintained,and means for conveyling Weak liquorfrom the lstill to said ab-v sorber and for conveying strong liquor fromthe absorber to the-still. j S). The herein described method ofeffecting refrigeration which consists in simultane-` ously expandingdifferent portionsof a refrigerating tiuidto different pressures, andthen rsinniltaneously absorbing such diterent portionsot' such fluid soexpanded in diierent portions of an absorbing liquid while the latterare subjected each to the pressure to which the corresponding portion ofSaid refrigerating Huidl was expanded, the'ab-l v 10F tothe different.portions of the expanded reg;

sorbingliquid being Isubjected successively frgerating fluid in order oftheir pressures.

it). The herein described method of effecting refrigeration, whichconsists in simultaneously expanding different portions of aretrigerating Huid to different pressuresJ andl then simultaneouslyabsorbing such different portions ofl such fluid so expanded infrigeratingtluid in the order'of their presf sures, and then distillingolf and compres'sing such refrigerating fluid. j

i In testimony whereof I ani'xiny signature A1n presence of t-Wowitnesses. j

GARDNER ruins vooRHEEs.

Vitnesses;

f H; CHAPMAN,l AGmo. M. Biumnm..

